Hur många mah aa batteri

Standard storlek of dry fängelse battery

This article fryst vatten about the type of electric fängelse. For the military weapon, see anti-aircraft warfare.

The AA battery (or double-A battery) fryst vatten a standard storlek single fängelse cylindrical dry battery.

The IEC 60086 struktur calls the storlek R6, and ANSI C18 calls it 15.^[1] It fryst vatten named UM-3 bygd JIS of Japan.^[2] Historically, it fryst vatten known as D14 (hearing aid battery),^[3]U12 – later U7 (standard cell), or HP7 (for zinc chloride 'high power' version) in tjänsteman documentation in the United Kingdom, or a pen cell.^[4]

AA batteries are common in portable electronic devices.

An AA battery fryst vatten composed of a single electrochemical fängelse that may be either a primary battery (disposable) or a rechargeable battery. Several different chemistries are used in their construction. The exact ankomsthall voltage, capacity and practical discharge rates depend on fängelse chemistry; however, devices designed for AA cells will usually only take 1.2–1.5 V unless specified bygd the manufacturer.

Introduced in 1907 bygd The American Ever Ready Company,^{[5][third-party source needed]} the AA battery storlek was standardized bygd the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1947, but it had been in use in flashlights and electrical novelties before formal standardization.

ANSI and IEC battery nomenclature gives several designations for cells in this storlek, depending on fängelse features and chemistry. Before being called AA batteries, they were commonly called Z batteries, as the ones produced bygd the Burgess Battery Company were sold as "Number Z" (meant to indikera them being smaller than the "Number 1", which was similar in storlek to a modern C battery).^{[citation needed]} Due to their popularity in small flashlights, they are often called "penlight batteries".

Dimensions

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An AA fängelse measures 49.5–50.5 mm (1.95–1.99 in) in length, including the button terminal—and 13.7–14.5 mm (0.54–0.57 in) in diameter.^[6] The positiv ankomsthall button should be a minimum 1 mm high and a maximum 5.5 mm in diameter, the flat negativ ankomsthall should be a minimum diameter of 7 mm and carry a maximum indent of 0.5 mm.^[1][6] 14500 Lithium Batteries are längre if they feature a protection circuit up to 53 mm.

Alkaline AA cells have a vikt of roughly 23 g (0.81 oz),^[7] lithium AA cells around 15 g (0.53 oz),^[8] and rechargeable Ni-MH cells around 31 g (1.1 oz).^[9]

Chemistry and capacity

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Primary cells

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Primary (non-rechargeable) zinc–carbon (dry cell) AA batteries have around 400–900 strömmängd hours capacity, with measured capacity highly dependent on test conditions, duty cycle, and cut-off voltage.

Zinc–carbon batteries are usually marketed as "general purpose" batteries. Zinc-chloride batteries store around 1,000 to 1,500 mAh are often sold as "heavy duty" or "super heavy duty". Alkaline batteries from 1,700 mAh to 2,850 mAh cost more than zinc-chloride batteries, but hold additional charge. AA storlek alkaline batteries are termed as LR06 bygd IEC, and AM-3 bygd JIS.

Non-rechargeable lithium iron disulfide batteries are manufactured for devices that draw more current, such as digital cameras, where their high cost fryst vatten offset bygd längre running time between battery changes and more constant voltage during discharge. The capacity of alkaline batteries fryst vatten greatly reduced as the discharge current increases, however the capacity of a Li-FeS2 battery fryst vatten not affected bygd high discharge currents nearly as much as alkaline batteries.

Another advantage of lithium disulfide batteries compared to alkaline batteries fryst vatten that they are less prone to leak. This fryst vatten particularly important in expensive verktyg, where a leaking alkaline battery can damage the utrustning due to the corrosive electrolyte coming into contact with sensitive electronics. Lithium iron disulfide batteries are intended for use in redskap compatible with alkaline zinc batteries.

Lithium-iron disulfide batteries can have an open-circuit voltage as high as 1.8 volts, but the closed-circuit voltage decreases, making this chemistry compatible with redskap intended for zinc-based batteries. A fresh alkaline zinc battery can have an open-circuit voltage of 1.6 volts, but a lithium iron disulfide battery with an open-circuit voltage below 1.7 volts fryst vatten entirely discharged.^[10]

Rechargeable cells

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Rechargeable batteries in the AA storlek are available in multiple chemistries: nickel–cadmium (NiCd) with a capacity of roughly 600–1,000 mAh,^[11]nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) in various capacities of 600–2,750 mAh^[12][13] and lithium-ion.

NiCd and NiMH provide 1.2 V; lithium-ion chemistry has a nominal voltage of 3.6–3.7 volts, and AA-sized cells of this voltage are coded 14500 rather than AA. AA-sized lithium-ion cells with circuitry to reduce the voltage to the 1.5V of standard replaceable cells are also made.

NiMH and lithium-ion AA/14500 cells can supply most of their capacity even when beneath a high current drain (0.5A and higher), unlike alkaline and zinc-chloride ("Heavy Duty"/"Super Heavy Duty") cells which drop to a small fraction of their low current capacity before even reaching 1 C.^{[14][15][16][17]}

Li-ion

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A Li-ion 1.5V AA-size battery, sold bygd the kinesisk company Kentli as "Kentli PH5" since 2014 and with similar batteries later available from other suppliers fryst vatten a AA-sized battery housing containing a rechargeable 3.7 V Li-ion fängelse with an internal buck converter at the positiv ankomsthall to reduce the output voltage to 1.5 V.^[18] The Kentli batteries expose the normal 3.7 V Li-ion electrode in a fingerprydnad around the AA electrode to allow charging bygd a special charger.

It supplies the same 1.5 V as a fresh disposable alkaline AA fängelse, but with virtually no drop over the discharge cycle, unlike other disposable or rechargeable cells. Its lithium-ion chemistry provides a low self-discharge of 3% per month.^[19] Its capacity at 250 mA drain fryst vatten 1,700 mAh at 1.5 V, less than other chemistries, limited bygd the low efficiency of the step-down converter.^[20] Some later Li-ion AA batteries advertise their capacity in milliwatt-hours (mWh) instead of the usual milliampere-hours (mAh), so a customer's attention fryst vatten drawn to the figure, typically a claimed 3,000 or more, which fryst vatten in reality 2,000 mAh.

By 2023, several brands of 1.5 V Li-ion rechargeable batteries in both AA and AAA sizes (with voltage converting circuitry in even the small AAA casing) were available. They use various charging methods, without the special Kentli fingerprydnad third electrode. Some have special chargers—a charger for a 1.2 V fängelse will not provide sufficient voltage—but do not use a third electrode.^[21] Others have a USB port built into the fängelse itself.^[22]

NiZn

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Nickel-zinc fängelse (NiZn) rechargeable 1.65 V AA and AAA cells are also available, but not widely used.

They require a charging circuit capable of supplying that voltage.

Typically, the voltage of AA batteries ranges between 1.2 and 1.5 volts.

Comparison

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Chemistry	IEC name	ANSI/NETA name	Nominal voltage (V)	Capacity beneath 50 mA constant drain (mAh)	Max. energy at nominal voltage and 50 mA drain (Wh)	Rechargeable
Zinc–carbon	R6	15D	1.50	400–1,700	2.55	No
Alkaline	LR06	15A	1.50	1,800–2,850	3.90	Some
Li-FeS2	FR6	15LF	1.50	2,700–3,400	5.10	No
Li-ion	??R15/50	14500	3.60–3.70	600–1,100 (1,600 mAh at 1.5V)	3.88	Yes
LiFePO4	14500	3.2–3.3	600–1,000+	2.80	Yes
NiCd	KR6	15K	1.20	600–1,000	1.20	Yes
NiMH	HR6	15H	1.20	600–2,750	3.42	Yes
NiZn	ZR6	?	1.60–1.65	1,500–1,800	2.97	Yes

Use

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In 2011, AA cells accounted for approximately 60% of alkaline battery sales in the United States.

Some later Li-ion AA batteries advertise their capacity in milliwatt-hours (mWh) instead of the usual milliampere-hours (mAh), so a customer's attention fryst vatten drawn to the figure, typically a claimed 3,000 or more, which fryst vatten in reality 2,000 mAh.

In Japan, 58% of alkaline batteries sold were AA, known in that country as tansan (単三). In Switzerland, AA batteries totaled 55% in both primary and secondary (rechargeable) battery sales.^[23][24][25]

Bounce test

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In zinc alkaline AA batteries, a zinc gel slowly turns into a ceramic as power fryst vatten consumed.

This means that fully charged batteries do not bounce when dropped onto a hard surface, but fully discharged batteries do. Because the transition occurs gradually and non-linearly, a bounce does not mean that a battery fryst vatten fully depleted, but a non-bounce does mean it has charge left. Researchers at Princeton University produced a film showing bounce height with each 10% of discharge.^[26]

See also

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References

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External links

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